UGC NET Commerce Syllabus Download PDF Here

• Assistant Professor 
• Junior Research Fellow (JRF)

Paper 2: Commerce Subject

Paper 2: 200 marks

• Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment, Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  

• Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  

• Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy

• Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy 
• Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
• Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
• International Economic Institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD 
• World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture
• Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS

• Basic accounting principles, concepts, and postulates  
• Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution, and Insolvency of Partnership Firms  
• Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeitures,e and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation, and reconstruction of companies; Holding company accounts  
• Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing, and JIT  
• Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  
• Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  
• Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  
• Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  
• Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit

• Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
• Cost of capital and time value of money
• Capital structure
• Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis 
• Working Capital Management; Dividend Decision: Theories and Policies, 
• Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization 
• International monetary system 
• Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques 
• International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
• International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting

• Meaning and scope of business economics  
• Objectives of business firms  
• Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  
• Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  
• Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
• Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  
• Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  
• Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing 

• Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  
• Measures of skewness  
• Correlation and regression of two variables  
• Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  
• Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions  
• Research: Concept and types; Research designs  
• Data: Collection and classification of data  
• Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling – probability and nonprobability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  
• Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (Utest); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  
• Report writing

• Principles and functions of management 4  
• Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  
• Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  
• Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  
• Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role, and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  
• Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  
• Performance appraisal, including 360-degree performance appraisal  
• Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  
• Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and Politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  
• Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change

• Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  
• Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies
• Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting, and positioning 
• Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods – Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  
• Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  
• Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions 
• Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM
• Service marketing
• Logistics management

• Overview of the Indian financial system  
• Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  
• Reserve Bank of India: Functions, Role and Monetary Policy Management  
• Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  
• Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  
• Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds 
• Financial sector reforms, including financial inclusion  
• Digitization of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payment systems  
• Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role 
• Financial Regulators in India

• Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;
• Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency 
• Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of the unpaid seller and rights of the buyer
• Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
• The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation, Management, meetings, and winding up of a joint stock company
• Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India
• The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
• The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties
• The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions
• Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs): Patents, trademarks, and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property 
• Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST

• Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  
• International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing 6  
• Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; 
• Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  
• Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns

3 Hours

Related Articles